How Emily Brontë Fulfills the Expectations of the Gothic...

How Emily Brontà « Fulfills the Expectations of the Gothic Genre Within this essay I will examine the social and historical background of Emily Brontà «s upbringing, and the way her only novel, wuthering height, is related to the gothic genre. Emily Brontà « was brought up in a time very different from our own; she lived on secluded moors and without many of our modern day privileges, and became very close to her family. Many of her close family members died within her lifetime, affecting her deeply and leaving her emotionally scarred. The tragedy and misfortune of Emily Brontà «s life is shown through her novel Wuthering Heights. The many dark, sad and misfortunate parts of this novel which represent Emily Brontà «s life are†¦show more content†¦Opening his coat which he had bundled up in his arms. A dirty black haired child. This is when Heathcliff is brought into the story, we dont know where he came from, what life he had been living and who are his parents. Supernatural events are a common feature of a gothic novel. Wuthering Heights show this feature through the appearance of Cathy many years after her demise. Stretching an arm out to seize the importunate branch instead of which, my fingers crossed on the fingers of an ice cold hand. I believe that the appearance of Cathys ghost keeps the readers interested and makes them wonder, as many people do not know what to think or believe when they hear of supernatural events as there is no prove that supernatural beings do or do not exist. The gothic genre that Emily Brontà « has used within Wuthering Heights is also portrayed through the overwrought emotion many of the characters have. Heathcliff shows a lot of raw and overwrought emotion throughout the novel. Through most of the novel he shows a loathing towards Hindley, because of the heartlessness Hindley showed him. When Cathy starts to show her feelings for Edgar, Heathcliff begins to despise Edgar and show jealously towards him as he has the love of Cathy. Like most gothic novels, most of the emotions in Wuthering Heights tend to be fear, terror, jealousy, sadness and hatred. Happy emotions in gothic novels tend to come to an end causing massive amounts of

The Silence of the Lambs by Thomas Harris Essay - 1307 Words

The Silence of the Lambs by Thomas Harris The novel The Silence of the Lambs by Thomas Harris is said to fall under the genre of psychological horror. The stories that fall under the genre of horror include a few essential elements: a villain or one seen as evil to create an initial story line. The foil is the next element; a foil is a person who tries to stop the villain from going through with the evil plan or plot. These two elements naturally lead to conflict between the two persons or groups and then from this conflict -- suspense, the last element is added. Suspense is important to keep the reader interested and to keep the story line going. When psychology is added to a story, the definition of horror is changed completely.†¦show more content†¦Jame Gumb is a very disturbed individual and his violence and crimes are often attempts to escape from insanity.; (Menninger, 181) Jame Gumb is in a word where he believes that he can become a woman and live somehow be with his mother again or even attempt to become he r. Men who are violently afraid of their repressed but nearly emergent homosexual desired often try to overcome these fears with violent demonstrations.; (Menninger, 183) Jame Gumb did not know what he was in terms of sexuality and decided that he would rather be a woman than a man. This desire drove him to commit such horrible crimes and try to become a woman using their skins. The foils to Jame Gumb are a much stronger force that he is or could ever be, they are the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the FBI. They want to stop the murders as soon as possible so that no other lives are lost and the country can get back to normal without living with the fear of a serial killer on the loose. Along with the FBI, an X-psychiatrist named Dr. Hannibal Lecter and, Clarice Starling they try to stop the murders and regain order to society, this is not an easy task and there are many obstacles along the way. The first obstacle is that the whereabouts of Gumb are unknown and his identity has alluded the FBI since the murders first begun. The only link that they have to the murder is Jame Gumbs X- psychiatrist named Dr Hannibal Lecter. Lecter givesShow MoreRelatedPsychology in Silence of the Lambs1081 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ The Silence of the Lambs 1991 Director – Jonathan Demme Writer – Thomas Harris Cinematographer – Tak Fujimoto Jodie Foster – Clarice Starling Anthony Hopkins – Dr. Hannibal Lecter AKA Hannibal the Cannibal Scott Glenn – Jack Crawford Ted Levine – Jame Gumb AKA Buffalo Bill Theme can be defined as â€Å"a central insight.† According to the authors of The Art of Watching Films, a theme in a literary work or film should be universal and should be one that challenges people (Boggs PetricRead MoreChange: an Analysis of the Silence of the Lambs1567 Words   |  7 PagesChange: An Analysis of The Silence of the Lambs Stacy Cooper HUM/150 May 28, 2012 Victor Armenta University of Phoenix Change: An Analysis of The Silence of the Lambs The Silence of the Lambs (1991) is a film based on the novel by Thomas Harris, directed by Jonathan Demme. This film is a psychological crime-drama-thriller. Each of the main characters in this film share, in their own ways, a desire for change. The purpose of this paper is to analyze three main character’s roles in the filmRead MoreEssay on Evaluation of The Silence Of The Lambs3009 Words   |  13 PagesEvaluation of The Silence Of The Lambs The film which I am evaluating is called The Silence of the Lambs and is based on Thomas Harris novel and is directed by Jonathan Demme. The film was shot in Pittsburgh and is set in West Virginia. In the making of this film careful research was carried out in bringing each character to life especially Jame Buffalo Bill Gumb. This included the actors being at crime scenes and viewing files about previous serial killers in orderRead MoreGender Identity Essay964 Words   |  4 Pagesguidelines of gender. However, this type of person may want to be the opposite sex. They either are kidding or they want to be the opposite sex. Something about it embraces them. 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Series such as Dexter, Game of Thrones, and even South Park all feature people who display aspects of antisocialRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Hannibal Lecter1543 Words   |  7 Pagesand Will’s interactions were what initially led me to watch the show, but I ultimately fell for the masterful writing that Bryan Fuller, the creator, created with Mads Mikkelsen. The NBC revival of Hannibal shows Dr. Hannibal Lecter before Silence of the Lambs, before his imprisonment. It follows Will Graham, a gifted FBI profiler with the ability to see into the mind of anyone he chooses. This ability takes a great toll on Will’s mental stability and because of this, he is forced to take on a psychiatristRead MoreEssay on Dexter: The Dark Passenger1752 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscrete his dark side from his father role in the show. Then he focuses more towards of what is best for himself and the kids at all costs because that is all what he has left. Another piece of work that illustrate Dexter in a new way is The Silence of the Lambs which focuses on Hannibal Lecter. He is has more than one personality throughout his life, people recall him has a sociopath. Lecter tortured animals as a child. But the big event that traumatized him when he witnessed his sister get murderedRead MoreThe Loose : Serial Killers And Our Society4083 Words   |  17 Pagesuse it justify their murdering, often believing that their victims deserved to be killed; each killer has their own reason for punishing their victims. Such is the case with John Doe in Se7en, Michael Myers in Halloween, Hannibal Lecter in Silence of the Lambs, and Aileen Wuomos in Monster. Though all four serial killers ultimately kill their victims to punish them, they also have their own psychological issues that prompt them to kill: John Doe is an existentialist who believes in total reificationRead MoreCrimnal Profiling, Science o r Not?1847 Words   |  8 PagesWhile a crime scene can tell a lot about the person who committed the crime, it can also leave things to be interpreted incorrectly. There are many popular portrayals of criminal profiling. One such famous film is Silence of the Lambs, based on the popular novel by Thomas Harris. Recently many television shows as well; Millennium, Profiler, and The X-Files. These films, novels and television series have created false security; however, causing many to believe that criminal profiling is a â€Å"magicalRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesworking as well any more’. âž ¡ Brownlie and Saren (1992, p. 38) argue that ‘it is questionable whether the marketing concept as it has been propagated can provide the basis for successful business at the end of the twentieth century’. âž ¡ Finally, Michael Thomas (1993), who after 30 years of disseminating the marketing message, made the frank, and frankly astonishing, confession that he is having serious doubts about its continuing efficacy. Hooley and Saunders (1993, p. 3), however, have pursued a rather

Stephen King Ars Poetica on Horror Free Essays

string(160) " Since it is a movie, it has visuals to work with as well as music, and although it was made with a small budget, it looked and it felt eal, according to King\." Danse Macabre, he views Lovecraft as a major impact in the field of dark horror fiction writing and also acknowledges the fact that King himself considered him as a major source of inspiration, which was embedded In his style of writing. When he reminisces about how he got Introduced to the genre, he states that his first pick of the countless texts happened to be one of Lovecraft’s short stones. King mentions, that although many consider this writer as a hack. We will write a custom essay sample on Stephen King Ars Poetica on Horror or any similar topic only for you Order Now hat could be clearly seen from his writings is that â€Å"the man himself took his work eriously*’ (Danse Macabre 1 17), Based on the excellent horror works that Lovecraft produced, Stephen King shares the belief, that the most powerful horrors could only work, if the reader felt the weight of the size of the universe and the contradictory size of one individual, and these works implied such not mentioned forces so powerful, that they could â€Å"destroy us all If they so much as grunted In their sleep† (Danse Macabre 80). This, as a matter of fact, Is the basis for all xenophobic tales and serves as a basis tor creating the scary atmosphere and which Lovecraft efers to as ‘cosmic fear’. We have established that a working piece of macabre is one that has the ability to create a connection with our feeling of fear. However, this cannot stand by itself and it is the writer’s responsibility to portray these embodiments. A great amount of imagination is essential from the reader’s part for the piece of horror to work, King however looks at imagination both as a blessing and a curse (Danse Macabre x), since people with a massive Imagination are the sanest, most down-to-earth people, they are clear on the dangers posed on our everyday Ilfe rom almost any direction. King refers to this phenomenon as ‘seeing in darker spectrums’ (Danse Macabre x), which is a healthy outlook on the world, healthier than the so-called ‘ostrich policy’, where one acts as if the problem is non-existent. That is why he Jokingly mentions readers of horror as ‘sick, but lively puppies’ (Danse Macabre x). Accepting the fact that threats are all around us one makes it easier to go on with life, since this can be viewed as accepting our mortality and not being clouded by delusions of Invlnclblllty. However, merely reallzlng the dangers Is not ufficient, one has to watch out not to go to extremes: because neither could work, both ends of the extreme reject something vitally important to our everyday life. That is why it is Imperative to find a balance between reality and imagination. And since readers of horror have a pretty stable mindset despite the topics they are reading about, we can agree with King when he calls readers of horror saner the average person (Danse Macabre Why Horror Is Needed To some extent every person needs horror In their life according to King. He believes that by exposing ourselves to unreal and fearful scenarios through different media, e exert a therapy that is most beneficial to our healthy mindset. King mentions in his foreword of his short story collection Night Shift, that many view the love of horror as an unhealthy obsession. He calls it ‘slowing down and looking at the accident’ syndrome (3), because people are curious by nature, always looking for stories and answers, even though they may not find one. And when the time comes that one has to Tina tne answer, It may not De solved alone. I nat Is wny Klng says tnat norror fiction is a ‘safety valve, a kind of dreaming awake’ (Danse Macabre x), which means hat it is used to let pressure out, since as he says ‘the world of our normal lives looks ever so much better when the bad dream ends’. We take refuge in make-believe terrors, we know evil is lurking around and seeing it come to life reassures us of the fact, that we are not paranoid and there are other people out there who think alike about the dangers in our everyday lives. It is a battle one has to fght with a real life emotion by oneself. But a horror fiction can only work if the reader is personally touched. ‘They grope into our subconscious minds, and find the things so terrible we annot articulate them and confront them’ (Danse Macabre xi), which is in Stephen King’s opinion a definition of horror of good quality and what every artist should strive to achieve when creating a tale that was meant to scare. By stimulating our ‘psychological pressure point’ (Danse Macabre 86) as he calls it – usually in connection with our own mortality – writers might be able to evoke the type of fear that King is trying to describe. This however has to be done not on a direct level, but with the use of symbols in the horror piece. The writers strive to create a dream-like tmosphere in hopes of illustrating or recreating the nature of their problem in the reader’s mind. Dreams are volatile forms of coping, unless it hits the ‘pressure points’, the impact might not be as deep and it might be forgotten in a short amount of time. As King puts it: [A great horror story is] one that functions on a symbolic level, using fictional (and sometimes supernatural) events to help us understand our own deepest real fears (Danse Macabre xi). He emphasizes ‘understand’ here and avoids saying ‘know’, because if one is introduced to it without actually having the roper background explained; one would lack the ability to confront it or would not be able to come up with a plan to tackle it. Only supernatural elements, however, make it harder for the reader to exercise their suspension of disbelief; another essential tool has to be integrated, which is none other than realistic elements. In his book King mentions, that he particularly remembers a movie, which had a great impact on him: The Blair Witch Project. Since it is a movie, it has visuals to work with as well as music, and although it was made with a small budget, it looked and it felt eal, according to King. Although in the movie itself there is not much action and we do not see the witch, Just by placing it in a very realistic environment, it made the film believably true, further supporting the idea of realism as a ground for suspense. But making a good horror is hard, since the genre and the audience are constantly changing in the sense that new topics need to be introduced every once in a while. Horror writing is a very volatile and delicate form of art, says King, and it is in constant need of innovation. What worked once may not work again, â€Å"catching ightning in a bottle†, revisiting the same ideas may wear out after a time (Danse Macabre xii). As time passes the object of people’s fears are changing, while at the same time it stays the same on an instinctive level, that is why horror writers need to invent new ways to make us fear the unknown and to let us indulge in its dark atmosphere. Horror works on two levels: ‘gross-out’ level, meaning the distasteful images and the horrid monsters in the tale, and on a more potent level, describing horror as a kind of dance, a slow rhythmic search for our deepest level of emotions, he simple and brutally plane hole of a Stone Age cave-dweller (Danse Macabre 218). I nls Is Daslcally slmllar to wnat LovecraTt was trylng to explaln In nls essay, tne instinctive fear that has been present since people exist. So we can conclude that the definition of a real danse macabre is when the creator of a horror story is able to unite the conscious and the subconscious mind with one potent idea, usually with a dash of realism and an equal amount of supernatural used, so that the readers can still rely on their suspension of disbelief. Is Horror Art? We have established, that for a good horror to be written, many elements have to be in place. And that raises the question: is horror a form of art. Although this is a yes- no question, the answer to this is not as simple as it looks like. Not every piece of this genre can be viewed as a form of art, because several elements have to work together to create a good horror story. King goes ahead and claims that since it was composed like a piece of music or painting, and it was looking for something that would predate art: phobic pressure points (Danse Macabre 18), then we can safely all horror an art form. This point of view might be a bit biased; King himself admits that he is an avid fan of the genre. He does agree with the fact that some narratives are not as well thought out as they should be, but he does not mention that by doing so, they are failing to fulfill their primary purpose of introducing readers to their own fears. Carroll on the other hand has a more critical approach on the subject: he agrees that it might as well be an artistic genre, but generalization of it should be avoided (38). He calls horror a â€Å"concept with fuzzy and perhaps developing oundaries†, which basically suggests that it does not require a tight definition. We could try and categorize horror by how well it exerts the phobic pressure point idea. Most works are able to find the so-called national phobic pressure points – which as the name suggests, is not aimed at the individual, it is experienced on a grander scale -, most successful pieces of horror media always plays upon and express fears which exist across a wide spectrum of people, fears often political, economic, and psychological rather than supernatural. In connection to this phenomenon King entions the time, when the movie version of Invasion of the Body Snatchers came out. The motion picture had come out at the time of the Red Scare, when people were afraid that their close friends or even relatives might be communists. The movie tells the story of an everyday American little town, with everyday American people who are slowly being replaced by pod-people, who look and act like the switched humans. We can see the parallelism between the two and although Finney, whose book was the one that got adapted into film format, claimed that the story itself was written ithout any intent of a political undertone. But because of the timing, it has emerged as one of the most well-known horror tales. Another example of well-timed symbolism that has affected big audiences would be the emerging of the zombie culture. Taking a look at the historical overview, we can determine that this fad has been gaining ground since the terrorist-scare in America. The image of ruthless, animalistic, seemingly unstoppable beings that only know how to kill and hunt people without remorse would be exactly how the American government tries to depict errorists. We can agree that applying pressure on the national phobic pressure points work, still, King raises an interesting paradox about the issue: it is a generally accepted idea that negative emotions are usually associated with ‘mob instincts’, when in reality these are what drive wedges between individuals, and then we are lett alone wltn our Tears, ana In Tact tney ao not unlte us. Yurtnermore ne asks wny we need make-believe horror when there is so much real horror going on in life (Danse Macabre 27). Or putting it another way: why people need stories of isintegration, Just to, by outletting our pent up emotions, bring them back to a constructive state again. The answer is right there in the question, to help people cope with the harshness of reality in the form of entertainment. this feeling of reintegration, arising from a field specializing in death, fear, and monstrosity, that makes a danse macabre so rewarding and magical†¦ that, and the boundless ability of the human imagination to create endless dream worlds and then put them to work† (Danse Macabre 28) – explains Stephen King why he chose this particular media to express himself. How to cite Stephen King Ars Poetica on Horror, Papers

Luck and Success free essay sample

Luck and success Genius is 99% hard work and 1% Luck, this is a well-quote from Einstein. People have different opinion about that how success comes. Some people believe that success is being for luck, others think it is because of hard work. Personally, I believe that luck has nothing to do with success. Success is a result of our preparation, hard work and experience. Even the ideal conditions that led to success are a product of our preparation and work. Bill Gates success with the windows operator came to be with his observation that computers were an upcoming field. He just went to a potential field with many opportunities. But his hard work and determination ensured him a giant business named Microsoft. The understanding of economical and at general lifes cycles can lead us to the right conditions. Beside preparation, many people may agree that the result of hard work is usually fruitful. We will write a custom essay sample on Luck and Success or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, Thomas Edison tried 99 times to invent the light bulb without success but he didnt give up. On 100th try he succeeded. After this invention, he was asked whether he was wasting his time and he replied that in these 99 times he discovered 99 mistakes he had made. The last but not the least, success in one field relies on how much experience we have in that field and the experience doesnt come without working. The more you work the more experience you get. For instance, my brother used to work for a very small company owned by his friend. This company was later closed because of bankruptcy. The cause of bankruptcy was wrong strategies and decisions made by the owner. After the failure, he went to a university and worked for another company so that he could obtain experience and become a successful businessman. In conclusion, some people believe that success is a result of hard work while others believe that luck is a big part of success. Though a little bit of luck plays positive role, but I believe hard work and great endeavor are the origin of future’s success and happiness. The man’s great effort and diligence are his keys to the success. Luck is just an excuse for the weak that replaces the motivation for learning their mistakes and working intense to reform them with complaint. I believe luck must be excluded from our vocabulary, if we truly desire success.

The Principles of Second Language Acquisition

Cultural Autobiography Essays

Cultural Autobiography Essays Cultural Autobiography Paper Cultural Autobiography Paper Start by describing the cultural aspects of your family background (attitudes, beliefs and values). My mom was adopted at the age of 9 but was given up at birth. So she grew up her first 9 years bouncing from foster home to group homes. And my dad is Algonquin Native American, but I did not meet him until I was 15 years old. With that being said, I dont really know my culture background and sure wasnt raised with one. I had a single mom that would not take welfare, instead she worked 2 or 3 Jobs at a time to support my sister and l. We did have great grandparents that adopted y mom, and without them my life would of been a lot more difficult growing up. They were both school teachers, and my mom was their only child. The most culture upbringing we had with them was probably church. My grandma was and to this day, a true Christian to the core. We grew up staying with my grandparents most of the time outside of school nights. I went to church every Sunday, and attended and helped with all holiday functions and anything else that we could. During the summer, we went to BBS for 3 weeks in Priest Lake, Idaho. We prayed before every meal and followed the Christian calendar. Such as Palm Sunday, and so on. My fondest memories were Easter morning sunrise service in Spokane. Wed wake up at 3:30 AM, and be at this overlook point before sunrise. At that time the minister would have the special sermon. I know this isnt exactly what this assignment was about, but other then religion, I have no other culture upbringing. Include the significant moments or events In your life that have factored In your cultural development and discuss how these characteristics have Influenced who and where you are today. This Is a hard assignment for me, due to the lack of family I have. It would be easier for me to Include significant moments, where lacking any cultural upbringing Influenced who I am today. Like I said before, my mom had me at 17, and she was a ward to the state of WA. Since she was not 18 when I was born, the social worker and the courts mandated that I was to be my moms sister and put into foster care. My mom was turning 18, only 3 months after I was born. My mom fought the courts and the state of WA and was awarded emancipation and a baby daughter, me. My dad had taken off early on In the pregnancy, so It was my mom and me. She still says that all she ever wanted mom met the man I grew up believing was my biological father. When I was 3, my mom had my little sister. This was when my first experience of culture, race or becoming aware that people arent the same. I am medium skin tone, where my dad is dark skinned, native American. So of course my baby sister came into the world with tons of black hair and dark as could be. When my mom brought my sister home from the hospital, I started crying, saying, Take her back! I dont want a black one! In my eyes, at the age of 4, I still remember how confused I was about the differences between my sister and l. I did not find out that he wasnt my biological father until I was 12 years old. And that was the first of many heartaches to come. Well, after I found out I really had lost my identity. Who was my dad? What did he look like? All the normal questions filled my head for about 3 years. I m et my dad right around my 1 5th birthday. Its a very long story, but for the most part, it went well. A few weeks after meeting him, I went on a camping trip with my dad and half brother that is only a year younger than me. This is when I finally was introduced to my culture. My dad is 100% Algonquin Native American. His great-grandfather was the chief of the Algonquin tribe in Ottawa, Canada. I learned as much as I possibly could that weekend about my dads heritage. I was and still am very proud to be native American. The part that bums me out though, all through grade school and middle school, there was a program for native American kids. They got to do so many awesome things. They had special field trips, lunches, group meets and got to learn about their culture in a separate class. I envied them so much. Plus, my little sister is Black Foot Native, even though she wasnt in the programs, I knew she was Native. Anyways, my dad and I talk a couple times a year. He lives in Tacoma, but is a heavy alcoholic. I have looked up tons of history, facts and any information possible on the Algonquin tribe. Someday, I plan on visiting the reservation in Ottawa, Canada. Then I can walk around and see exactly what my culture is all about. Which of the cultural syndromes in the article Culture Conflict from Week 2 of the course readings apply to you? Have these changed over your life? Again, this is a hard question, I do not know the answer. I can say that l, myself elate to the diffuse-specific syndrome. (e. G. , Just because I do not like your report says nothing about liking you; Foe Schemers, 1967. ) Finish by naming and discussing the significant cultural symbols in your life and what they represent. I am in love with wolves and treacheries. To me, from my understanding of my culture, wolves are spiritual animals. And treacheries are very important to the purpose. It is fascinating. Inclusion of quotes and/or references from course readings (specifically cultural syndromes from Week 2) are required to earn full credit on this assignment.

Pros and Cons of Charter Schools Research Paper

Pros and Cons of Charter Schools - Research Paper Example A good way to obtain a good idea of a charter school is to consider its characteristics compared to the public school based on school size, grade-level configuration, student-to-teacher ratio, and student-to-computer ratio (Beryl et al.). In 1997 to 1998, the average size of charter school was 137 students and more than 400 for the public school in the same year (Feinberg 156). Though there is a significant increase in number, the same trend today is followed, by which charter schools have substantially small number of students and public schools have even more. Regarding the grade-level configuration, charter schools are given by the State laws the freedom to choose the grade structure and the age range of the students they will serve (RPP International 22). A certain study reveals that the student-to-ratio in low-performing charter schools is approximately 17 to 1, compared to approximately 15 to 1 in acceptable-performing charter schools (Burds 104). Intuitively, these ratios are lower compared to the prevailing ratios in comparable schools. There may be or no significant difference when it comes to student-to-computer ratio between charters schools and public schools, it is evident that students at charter schools are using computers extensively (Hill 16; RPP International 26). These characteristics are also significant indicators of learning. With this in mind for consideration, charter schools may be advantageous when it comes to learning compared to public schools because of the associated innovation in education. Aside from that, learning must be significantly of more interactive value in charter schools than in public schools because of the engagement of parents and teachers with the students’ actual academic performance. This will provide a more... This report stresses that one inherent manifestation of charter schools is their ability to allow teachers, parents and students to have strong involvement and participation together in order to ensure high rate of academic achievement and excellent academic performance. With this given information, one might consider that there are many things to be taken into account as great with charter schools. However, this does not mean that charter schools may not have some other important drawbacks. In order to make a clear justification of point regarding these two conflicting issues, the work at hand presents the pros and cons of charter schools and investigates if the former may have surpass the latter. This paper makes a conclusion that prior to the main objective of this paper, the need to consider the other sheer characteristics of a charter school is a better way to understand its advantages and probable linked disadvantages. A good way to obtain a good idea of a charter school is to consider its characteristics compared to the public school based on school size, grade-level configuration, student-to-teacher ratio, and student-to-computer ratio. Regarding the grade-level configuration, charter schools are given by the State laws the freedom to choose the grade structure and the age range of the students they will serve. Students in charter schools will have more exposure to modern information technology, which is evident in the student-to-computer ratio.